Regarding scientific research, I think that a helpful starting point is knowing that most of it is wrong, and that a lot of lay beliefs about science (e.g. trauma, mouse utopia, climate) are too. Knowing that and internalising it is the first step. The second is figuring out what can be known at all beyond that, which is ultimately a philosophical question. Personally, I gravitate towards appearance > reality and that there is no truth, but perspective.
Regarding scientific research, I think that a helpful starting point is knowing that most of it is wrong, and that a lot of lay beliefs about science (e.g. trauma, mouse utopia, climate) are too. Knowing that and internalising it is the first step. The second is figuring out what can be known at all beyond that, which is ultimately a philosophical question. Personally, I gravitate towards appearance > reality and that there is no truth, but perspective.
Helpful resources, from most to least:
replication crisis -- https://gwern.net/replication
regression to the mean fallacies --https://gwern.net/doc/statistics/bayes/regression-to-mean/index
made up statistics are worth it -- https://slatestarcodex.com/2013/05/02/if-its-worth-doing-its-worth-doing-with-made-up-statistics/
convenience samples work --https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1808083115
comments on statistical fudging -- https://slatestarcodex.com/2014/01/02/two-dark-side-statistics-papers/
examples of criticism of scientific researchhttps://gwern.net/research-criticism
problems with scientific research -- https://slatestarcodex.com/2014/04/28/the-control-group-is-out-of-control/
isolated demands for rigror -- https://slatestarcodex.com/2014/08/14/beware-isolated-demands-for-rigor/
correlation is common -- https://gwern.net/everything
Philosophy:
Beyond Good and Evil
Twilight of the Idols
Best Nietzsche youtuber: https://www.youtube.com/@untimelyreflections